From rewriting Google’s search stack in the early 2000s to reviving sparse trillion-parameter models and co-designing TPUs with frontier ML research, Jeff Dean has quietly shaped nearly every layer of the modern AI stack. As Chief AI Scientist at Google and a driving force behind Gemini, Jeff has lived through multiple scaling revolutions from CPUs and sharded indices to multimodal models that reason across text, video, and code. We sat down with Jeff to unpack what it really means to “own the Pareto frontier,” why distillation is the quiet force behind every generation of faster, cheaper models, how energy not FLOPs is becoming the true constraint on AI compute, what it takes to co-design hardware and models 2–6 years into the future, why unified multimodal systems will outperform specialized ones, what it was like leading the charge to unify all of Google’s AI teams, and his prediction that deeply personalized models with access to your full digital context will redefine what useful AI looks like. @JeffDean @GoogleDeepMind @Google